"Phiri e indastering ea betri ea matla ea tla."Haufinyane tjena, lethathamo la kamehla le lokollotsoeng ke Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le ile la etsa hore indasteri e feheloe ke maikutlo.
Ho ea ka "Lethathamo la Mehlala e Khothallelitsoeng bakeng sa Khothatso le Tšebeliso ea Likoloi tse Ncha tsa Matla (Sehlopha sa 11 ka 2019)", likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase tse nang le libeteri tse rekiselitsoeng kantle ho naha li tla fumana lithuso ho la China lekhetlo la pele.Sena se bolela hore ka mor'a ho felisoa ha "lenane le lesoeu" la betri ka Phuptjane selemong sena, 'maraka oa betri oa China Dynamics (600482, Stock Bar) o buletsoe ka molao ho tsetela kantle ho naha.
Ho na le kakaretso ea likoloi tsa bapalami ba 26 mefuteng e khothalelitsoeng e phatlalalitsoeng nakong ena, ho kenyeletsoa likoloi tse 22 tsa motlakase tse hloekileng, ho kenyeletsoa Tesla pure electric sedan e tla hlahisoa China.Hajoale, ha ho hlake hore na ke mang eo e tla ba morekisi oa betri ea Tesla ka mor'a hore e hlahisoe Chaena.Leha ho le joalo, ka mor'a ho kena lethathamong la lithuso, mefuta e amehang e tla fumana lithuso.Ntle le Tesla, lihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha Mercedes-Benz le Toyota le tsona li kene lethathamong le khothaletsoang.
Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, lithuso tsa China bakeng sa likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase li amana haholo le bahlahisi ba betri ea matla ba khethiloeng.Ho nka libeteri tse hlahisoang ke lik'hamphani tsa "whitelist" le ho kenya lethathamong le khothaletsoang ka holimo ke mohato oa pele oa ho fumana lithuso.Ka hona, lilemong tsa morao tjena, likoloi tse ncha tse tsoang kantle ho naha, haholo-holo Tesla, ha li so ka li fuoa lithuso.Likhamphani tsa likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase le lik'hamphani tsa betri tsa motlakase le tsona li thabetse "nako ea fensetere" ea nts'etsopele e potlakileng ka lilemo tse 'maloa.
Leha ho le joalo, kholo ea 'nete ea indasteri e ke ke ea arohanngoa le tlhahlobo ea' maraka.Ha thekiso le beng ba makoloi a macha a motlakase a ntse a eketseha butle-butle, mafapha a amehang a boetse a tataisa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ho tloha ho tsamaisitsoe leano ho ea ho tsa mebaraka.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lithuso tsa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla li fokotsehile selemo le selemo 'me li tla tlosoa ka ho feletseng' marakeng ho elella bofelong ba 2020. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, "lethathamo le lesoeu" la libeteri tsa matla le lona le ile la phatlalatsoa hore le tla felisoa. bofelong ba Phuptjane selemong sena.
Ho hlakile hore pele lithuso li tlosoa ka ho felletseng, indasteri e ncha ea likoloi tsa China e tla qala ho tobana le tlholisano ho tsoa ho balekane ba kantle ho naha, mme indasteri ea betri ea matla e tla jara boima.
Tokoloho e felletseng ea libeteri tse tsetelitsoeng kantle ho naha
Ho latela lethathamo la morao-rao le hatisitsoeng, mefuta e mecha ea matla ea lihlahisoa tsa kantle ho naha joalo ka Tesla, Mercedes-Benz le Toyota kaofela li kentse tatellano ea lithuso.Har'a bona, Tesla o phatlalalitse mefuta e 'meli ea mefuta e kentsoeng lethathamong, e tsamaellanang le litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa matla a betri le libaka tse tsamaeang ka sekepe.
Ke hobane'ng ha ho na le phapang e joalo ka mohlala o tšoanang oa Tesla?Sena se kanna sa amana le taba ea hore Tesla o khethile barekisi ba fetang a le mong.Ho tloha qalong ea selemo sena, Tesla o senotsoe hore o fihletse litumellano tse "sa ikhethang" le lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa betri ea matla.Lipheo tsa "scandal" li kenyelletsa CATL (300750, Stock Bar), LG Chem, joalo-joalo.
Barekisi ba betri ea Tesla esale ba ferekanya.Tlaleho e tsoang Lefapheng la Lipatlisiso la Lekala la Ts'ebeliso ea Battery ea Matla ea Battery China.com e bontšitse hore mefuta ea Tesla e khethiloeng lethathamong le khothaletsoang e na le "libetri tsa ternary tse hlahisoang ke Tesla (Shanghai)."
Tesla ehlile e ntse e iketsetsa li-module tsa eona tsa betri, empa ke mang ea tla fana ka lisele?Mohlokomeli oa nako e telele oa Tesla o ile a hlahloba moqolotsi oa litaba oa 21st Century Business Herald hore lebaka leo ka lona mohlala o nang le matla a mabeli a matla ke hobane o na le lisele tsa betri (ke hore, lisele) tse tsoang Panasonic le LG Chem.
"Lena ke lekhetlo la pele hore mohlala o nang le lisele tsa betri tsa kantle ho naha o kene lethathamong la lithuso."Motho eo o bontšitse hore ntle le Tesla, likoloi tse peli tse tsoang Beijing Benz le GAC Toyota le tsona li kene lethathamong la lithuso, 'me ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tsona e nang le libeteri tsa Lehae.
Tesla ha a ka a arabela liseleng tsa betri tsa k'hamphani eo e li sebelisang, empa ho tloha ha ho felisoa "lethathamo le lesoeu" la betri ea matla, ke taba ea nako feela hore libeteri tse hlahisoang ke lik'hamphani tse tšehelitsoeng ke kantle ho naha le likoloi tse nang le libeteri tsena li tla kena. lethathamo la lithuso.
Ka March 2015, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le ile la fana ka "Litlhaloso tsa Indasteri ea Battery ea Motlakase oa Likoloi", tse tla sebelisa libeteri tse hlahisoang ke lik'hamphani tse amohelehang e le boemo ba motheo ba ho fumana lithuso tsa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla.Ho tloha ka nako eo, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso le 'nile la lokolla ka ho latellana lihlopha tse' nè tsa lik'hamphani tsa tlhahiso ea betri ea matla (ke hore, "White Power Batteries").List"), ho aha "lerako" bakeng sa indasteri ea betri ea matla ea China.
Tlhahisoleseding e bontša hore bahlahisi ba li-betri ba 57 ba khethiloeng ke lik'hamphani tsohle tsa lehae, 'me baetsi ba libeteri tsa Majapane le Korea ba kang Panasonic, Samsung, le LG Chem tseo pele li neng li sebelisoa ke SAIC, Changan, Chery, le lik'hamphani tse ling tsa likoloi ha li kenyelelitsoe.Hobane li hokahane le lithuso, lik'hamphani tsena tsa betri tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete kantle ho naha li ka ikhula ka nakoana 'marakeng oa China.
Leha ho le joalo, "lethathamo le tšoeu" le 'nile la tsoa ka nako e telele le tsoelo-pele ea indasteri.Moqolotsi oa litaba oa 21st Century Business Herald o kile a ithuta hore ts'ebetsong ea 'nete, ts'ebetsong ea "lenane le lesoeu" ha e thata hakaalo,' me mefuta e meng e sa sebeliseng libeteri "tse hlokahalang" le eona e kene lethathamong la lihlahisoa tsa Lekala la Indasteri. le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso.Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka mahloriso a 'maraka, Leha ho le joalo, lik'hamphani tse ling tse "lethathamong le tšoeu" li fokolitse khoebo ea tsona kapa li ile tsa felloa ke chelete.
Bahlahlobisisi ba indasteri ba lumela hore ho hlakola "lethathamo le lesoeu" la betri le ho bula 'maraka oa betri ea matla ho matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha ke mohato oa bohlokoa bakeng sa likoloi tse ncha tsa China ho tloha ho tse tsamaisoang ke leano ho ea ho tsa mebaraka.Ke feela ha lik'hamphani tse matla haholo li kena 'marakeng matla a tlhahiso a ka eketseha ka potlako.Le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo le ho fihlela nts'etsopele ea 'nete ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla.
Marketization ke mokhoa o akaretsang.Ntle le ho lokoloha ha "lethathamo la batho ba basoeu", ho fokotseha butle-butle ha lithuso ke mohato o tobileng oa ho khothaletsa papatso ea indasteri.Moralo o sa tsoa phatlalatsoa "Leano la Nts'etsopele ea Indasteri ea Likoloi tse Ncha (2021-2035)" (moralo oa litlhaloso) o boetse o bolela ka ho hlaka hore hoa hlokahala ho khothaletsa ntlafatso le ho hlophisoa bocha ha lik'hamphani tsa betri ea matla le ho eketsa khatello ea indasteri.
Ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ke ntho ea bohlokoa
Ka ts'ehetso le khothatso ea maano a indasteri, lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa betri tsa motlakase tsa malapeng li holile ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho kenyeletsoa CATL, BYD (002594, Stock Bar), Guoxuan Hi-Tech (002074, Stock Bar), joalo-joalo, ho kenyelletsa le Fuli. , e sa tsoa fihla Botong ea Boqapi ba Saense le Thekenoloji.Theknoloji ea matla.Har'a bona, CATL e fetohile "mookameli" indastering.Lintlha tsa morao-rao li bontša hore likarolong tse tharo tsa pele tsa selemo sena, karolo ea 'maraka oa lehae oa CATL e nyolohetse ho 51%.
Tlas'a mokhoa oa ho lokoloha butle-butle ha 'maraka, lik'hamphani tsa betri tsa motlakase tse tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke kantle ho naha le tsona li entse litokisetso China.Ka 2018, LG Chem e ile ea qala morero oa matsete a betri ea matla Nanjing, 'me Panasonic e boetse e rera ho etsa libeteri ka ho khetheha bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase fekthering ea eona ea Dalian.
Ho bohlokoa ho bolela hore barekisi ba betri ea lapeng ba Tesla, Panasonic le LG Chem, ka bobeli ke sepheo sa menyenyetsi e tsebahalang.Har'a bona, Panasonic ke molekane ea "tloaelehileng" oa Tesla, 'me Teslas e entsoeng Amerika e fanoa ke Panasonic.
"Ho se etse qeto" le "itokisetso" ea Tesla ho bonahatsa tlhōlisano e matla indastering ea betri ea matla ho isa tekanyong e itseng.Ha e le lihlahisoa tsa lehae tse ntseng li tsoela pele ka potlako 'marakeng oa Chaena ka lilemo tse' maloa, na li ka tobana le tlhōlisano ea lihlahisoa tsa linaheng tse ling lekhetlong lee?
Motho ea haufi le indasteri ea betri ea matla o ile a bolella moqolotsi oa litaba oa 21st Century Business Herald hore melemo ea tlhōlisano ea libeteri tsa matla a lichelete tse tsoang linaheng tse ling ke haholo-holo thekenoloji le taolo ea litšenyehelo, tse entseng "lithibelo" tse itseng 'marakeng.Ho nka mohlala oa Panasonic, bahlahlobisisi ba bang ba indasteri ba bontšitse hore le hoja e boetse e hlahisa libeteri tsa ternary lithium, Panasonic e sebelisa karolo e fapaneng ea thepa e tala, e ka eketsang matla a matla ha e ntse e fokotsa litšenyehelo.
Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tsa morao tjena tsa tsoelo-pele, ka keketseho ea sekhahla, litšenyehelo tsa libeteri tsa motlakase tsa malapeng le tsona li ntse li fokotseha selemo le selemo.Ha re nka mohlala oa CATL, theko ea sistimi ea betri ea matla e ne e le 2.27 yuan / Wh ka 2015, mme e theohile ho 1.16 yuan / Wh ka 2018, ka karolelano ea selemo le selemo ea ho fokotseha ho ka bang 20%.
Lik'hamphani tsa betri tsa motlakase tsa malapeng le tsona li entse boiteko bo bongata ba ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.Mohlala, BYD le CATL ka bobeli ba nts'etsapele theknoloji ea CTP (CelltoPack, module-free power battery pack), ba leka ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea betri ka moralo o hlophisitsoeng oa ka hare oa pakete ea betri.Likhamphani tse kang Yiwei Lithium Energy (300014, Stock Bar) le tsona li tlaleha litlalehong tsa selemo le selemo Zhong e boletse hore boemo ba boits'oaro ba mohala oa tlhahiso bo lokela ho ntlafatsoa ho eketsa sekhahla sa lihlahisoa le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.
Theknoloji ea CTP e ntse e na le mathata a mangata a ho hlola, empa litaba tsa morao-rao li bontša hore lipakete tsa betri tsa CTP tsa CATL li kene sethaleng sa tlhahiso ea khoebo ka lihlopha.Moketeng oa ho saena ka la 6 Tšitoe ho tebisa tšebelisano-'moho pakeng tsa CATL le BAIC New Energy, Zeng Yuqun, molula-setulo oa CATL, o itse: "Theknoloji ea CTP e tla akaretsa mefuta eohle e teng le e tlang ea mantlha ea BAIC New Energy."
Ho ntlafatsa maemo a tekheniki le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ke mekhoa ea bohlokoa.Likhamphani tsa betri tsa matla tsa China tse emeloang ke CATL li se li le mothating oa ho tlisa "tekolo" ea 'nete ea' maraka.
Nako ea poso: Nov-18-2023